Bacterial Colonization and Dental Implants: A Microbiological Study

Abstract Objective: To compare colony forming unit (CFU) of oral bacterial from buccal mucosa and lingual buccal tongue among patients with a dental implant and normal oral hygiene individuals without a dental implant. Material and Methods: Twenty-six individuals with a dental implant and twenty-six individuals without dental implants were included in this study. The samples were sent to the laboratory to culture with Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI), prepared serial dilution and then spread to the blood agar. CFU was counted when a single layer of bacteria is formed on the blood agar at any dilution level. An independent-T test was used to compare the means different of CFU oral bacterial between control and test groups from buccal mucosa and lingual buccal mucosa, respectively. Results: Buccal mucosa control group (186.19 ± 5.61) and test group (186.65 ± 6.24) (p>0.05). The result from the lingual buccal tongue control group (198.38 ± 6.12) and test group (197.96 ± 6.50) (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the control group and test group CFU bacterial load. Conclusion: The presence of implants in the oral cavity do not interfere or worsen the oral condition; nevertheless, the effect of implants surrounding oral flora is similar to natural teeth.

Soft Tissue Cephalometric Measurements Among Malaysian Malays and Chinese

Abstract Objective: To obtain the standardized values of individuals of Malaysian Malay and Chinese for further relevant research, such as treatment planning and aesthetical considerations. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 440 (305 were Malays and 135 were Chinese) standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of orthodontic patients selected through simple random sampling are profiled using Holdaway's analysis. The independent t-test was used to assess the disparities in race and gender. The significant level was p<0.05. Results: Significant differences were found between the Malays and Chinese in their skeletal profile convexity, superior sulcus depth, inferior sulcus to the H line and nose prominence. Between Malay females and males, there are significant differences in superior sulcus depth, soft tissue subnasale to H line, basic upper lip thickness, upper lip thickness and nose prominence. Between Chinese males and females, there were differences in their skeletal profile convexity, upper lip to H line, basic upper lip thickness and upper lip thickness. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the difference between standardized norms and the unique profiles of Malaysian Malays and Chinese. There are significant gender disparities in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements among Malaysian Malay and Chinese subjects.

Treatment Outcome Based on GOSLON Score of Multiple Factors in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Children of Four Different Ethnic

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of each congenital and postnatal treatment factors in treatment outcome based on dental arch relationship (DAR) of four different populations at a time using GOSLON yardstick. Material and Methods: 432 unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (Japanese, Malay ethnic group, Bangladeshi and Pakistani populations) age 5 to 12 years were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The DAR was assessed by GOSLON Yardstick. Independent t-test was performed to compare the GOSLON score for each factors. A multiple comparison (Anova) was also conducted between the GOSLON score of four different populations. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Statistically no significant different was found among the congenital factors. However, the family history of Class III malocclusion showed most likely to associate with, though there was no significant difference (p=0.069). Significant difference revealed between two techniques of cheiloplasty in both Malay ethnic group and Pakistani population (p=0.038 and p=0.000, respectively). Gender and Techniques of palatoplasty also showed significant difference in Pakistani population (p=0.026 and p=0.000, respectively). Japanese and Bangladeshi population showed no significant differences. Also no significant differences found between the GOSLON score and different countries. Conclusion: The treatment outcome based on DAR significantly varies in individual population [Malay ethnic group (cheiloplasty); Pakistan (gender, cheiloplasty and palatoplasty)].

Incidence of Egyptian Live Births of Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Cairo, Luxor, Aswan and New Valley Governorates: A Survey Study in 237,783 Children

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, cleft types distribution and etiological risk factors among newly born babies with cleft lip and/or palate (CL±P) in four governorate of the Arab Republic of Egypt, beginning the 1st of January 2013 till the 31st of December 2013. Material and Methods: Total 237,783 newly born babies from Cairo (162174), Aswan (42880), Luxor (32729), and New Valley (877) governorate in the Arab Republic of Egypt were included in this study. Incidence of CL±P babies per 1000 births was calculated in each district for the four studied governorates. Percentage distribution of cleft types within each governorate. Chi-square test was used for determining significance of difference of incidence and percentages within and between the governorates. Results: The mean prevalence value of CL±P in the four Egyptian studied governorates was 0.40/1000. The highest percentage of cleft type was cleft lip and palate followed by cleft lip and isolated cleft palate. The highest etiological risk factor was maternal passive smoking in the four studied governorates followed by consanguineous marriage and medicine intake during pregnancy. Conclusion: These data provided a picture of the prevalence of CL±P in four different governorate of Egypt and also provided a useful reference for cleft types distribution and etiological risk factors of CL±P data in Egypt and internationally.

The Reliability and Validity of the Measurements in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Laser Scanned 3D Dental Casts

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Next Engine 3D Laser scanner. Material and Methods: A total of 30 dental casts of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children with 90 linear variables were measured using digital caliper while the laser-scanned 3D dental casts (LS3DM) were measured using Mimics Software. All scanned data coordinates (in x, y, z) were transferred into Mimics software in STL format to be measured. All the variables were measured using a computer mouse accurate to 0.5 mm. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliabilities and also for the validity of two methods Results: Intra-examiner reliabilities of digital caliper and LS3DM were found excellent (ICC 0.916-0.995) and inter-examiner reliabilities of LS3DM were good to excellent (ICC 0.816-0.990). The validity of LS3DM measurements was confirmed based on the ICC values were in the range of 0.913-0.996. The overall time frame for conducting measurements was shorter using a laser-scanned model (10 min.) than using a digital caliper (5 hours) Conclusion: The LS3DM is a valid reliable tool for future high impact research in our institution.

Antihyperglycemic and analgesic activity studies with boiled Cicer arietinum L. seeds.

In oral glucose tolerance tests, methanol extract of boiled seeds of Cicer arietinum (MECA) significantly and dose-dependently reduced blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice by 27.7, 31.9, 36.2, and 42.2%, respectively, at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg in comparison to a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, which reduced blood glucose levels by 48.2% at a dose of 10 mg per kg. In acetic acid induced writhing tests in mice, MECA at the afore-mentioned doses reduced the number of writhings, respectively, by 21.4, 35.7, 39.3, and 46.4% versus the 42.9 and 53.6% reductions observed with a standard analgesic drug, aspirin, at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg, respectively. MECA thus demonstrated considerable antihyperglycemic and analgesic properties and may be used to alleviate high blood glucose levels and provide relief from pain.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, antihyperglycemic, analgesic and toxicity studies on methanolic extract of aerial parts of Corchorus olitorius L.

Corchorus olitorius, also known as Nalta jute or Tossa jute is grown throughout Bangladesh for its fibre and because the aerial parts are edible. It was of interest to phytochemically screen and conduct antihyperglycemic, analgesic and toxicity studies of the aerial parts. Antihyperglycemic and analgesic activities, phytochemical screening and toxicity studies were done through standard methods. Administration of methanol extract of aerial parts (MECO) led to dose-dependent reductions in blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice. At doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg, the extract reduced blood glucose levels by 18.6, 29.3, 32.9, and 50.7%, respectively compared to control animals. By comparison, a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg, reduced blood glucose level by 48.9%. In analgesic activity tests, MECO at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg reduced the number of writhings by 19.2, 42.3, 53.8, and 57.7%, respectively. A standard analgesic drug, aspirin, reduced the number of writhings by 38.5 and 65.4%, respectively, when administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg. Phytochemical screening of MECO showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins, which may be responsible for the observed effects.

Orthodontic Treatment Combination with Auto Transplantation for the Management of Impacted Maxillary Left Lateral Incisor and Canine: An Interdisciplinary Approach.

Aims: For the orthodontic treatment of the complex cases, the interdisciplinary team work is of utmost importance, which leads to the predictable outcome with excellent treatment. The prime aim of this rare case report is to demonstrate the combined orthodontic-surgical-endodonticprosthodontic interdisciplinary management. Presentation of Case: This report describes the case of a 19 years old Malay male patient with the clinical problems of median diastema, mesio-buccally rotated maxillary left 1st premolar, mild mandibular incisor crowding along with impacted maxillary left lateral incisor and canine. Discussion: With the advantages of the orthodontic fixed appliance, auto-transplantation of maxillary upper left lateral incisor and canine, the case was completed in an ideal orthodontic occlusion along with improved oral condition, masticatory function and esthetics. The treatment outcomes were due to orthodontic-surgical-endodontic-prosthodontic treatment with stable occlusion in sequels visits. Conclusion: An Interdisciplinary management achieved successful functional and esthetic results in the present case.